by Ethan Bright, Museum of Zoology Insect Division and School of Natural Resources and Environment |
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Odonata (Dragon- and Damselflies) of MichiganKey to the Odonata of Michigan Introduction Our current state of knowledge about distribution of Odonata in Michigan is generally very good, especially in part due to recent work of the Michigan Odonata Survey and many volunteers since 1997. These efforts have added many new state records, and other species listed in publications whose documentation was either wrong or dubious have been removed. Michigan now has 169 species in 51 genera recorded, with a possible additional 6 species and 1 genus that might occur in our state. Almost all the species of Michigan Odonata have had their nymphal stages reliably associated with adults, and most can be identified to species-level. (However, some genera have species that are very difficult to differentiate, requiring thorough diagnoses and/or association with (or rearing to) the adult stage). Species denoted in bold blue have been recorded in Michigan; other species are likely to occur based on their known distribution. You can use the Find function in your web browser to locate families, genera, and species. Synonomous species (indented) are listed below the current valid species with its taxonomic status indicated. Anisoptera Selys, 1854 - Dragonflies
Aeshna constricta Say, 1839: 11 - Lance-tipped Darner Aeshna eremita Scudder, 1866: 213 - Lake Darner
Aeshna juncea (Linnaeus, 1758: 544 as Libellula) - Sedge Darner
Aeshna subarctica Walker, 1908: 385, 390, 461 - Subarctic Darner
Aeshna umbrosa umbrosa Walker, 1908: 380, 390 - Shadow Darner Aeshna verticalis Hagen, 1861: 122 - Green-striped Darner
Anax Leach, 1815: 137 (Green Darners)
Basiaeschna Selys, 1883: 735 (Springtime Darner)
Boyeria McLachlan, 1896: 424 (Spotted Darners)
Boyeria vinosa (Say, 1839: 13 as Aeschna) - Fawn Darner
Epiaeschna Hagen, 1877 (Swamp Darner)
Gomphaeschna Selys, 1871 (Pygmy Darners)
Gomphaeschna furcillata (Say, 1839: 14 as Aeshna) - Harlequin Darner
Nasiaeschna Selys, 1900 (Cyrano Darner)
Rhionaeschna Förster, 1909 (Neotropical Darners)
Rhionaeschna mutata (Hagen, 1861: 124 as Aeschna) - Spatterdock Darner Cordulegastridae Newman, 1853 (Spiketails) Cordulegaster Leach, 1838 (Spiketails)
Cordulegaster (Zoraena) diastatops (Selys, 1854: 101 as Thecaphora) - Delta-spotted Spiketail
Cordulegaster (Thecophora) maculata Selys, 1854: 105 - Twin-spotted Spiketail Cordulegaster (Taeniogaster) obliqua (Say, 1840: 15 as Aeschna) - Arrowhead Spiketail
Corduliidae Selys, 1850 (Emeralds) Cordulia Leach, 1815 (Common Emeralds)
Dorocordulia Needham, 1901 (Little Emeralds)
Epitheca Burmeister, 1839 (Baskettails)
Epitheca (Tetragoneuria) costalis (Selys, 1871: 273 as Cordulia) - Slender Baskettail
Helocordulia Needham, 1901 (Sundragons)
Neurocordulia Selys, 1871 (Shadowdragons)
Somatochlora Selys, 1871 (Striped Emeralds)
Somatochlora elongata (Scudder, 1866: 218 as Cordulia) - Ski-tipped Emerald
Somatochlora incurvata Walker, 1918: 365 - Incurvate Emerald Somatochlora kennedyi Walker, 1918: 366 - Kennedy's Emerald Somatochlora linearis (Hagen, 1861: 137 as Cordulia) - Mocha Emerald
Somatochlora tenebrosa (Say, 1839: 19 as Libellula) - Clamp-tipped Emerald
Somatochlora williamsoni Walker, 1907: 499 - Williamson's Emerald Williamsonia Davis, 1913 (Boghunters)
Gomphidae (Clubtails) Arigomphus Needham, 1897 (Pond Clubtails)
Arigomphus submedianus (Williamson, 1914: 54 as Gomphus) - Jade Clubtail - IL, IN, WI (historic record from Michigan discounted [O'Brien 2010], but one record from Elliot Co. in Indiana may indicate species may be found in the extreme sw LP) Arigomphus villosipes (Selys, 1854: 53 as Gomphus) - Unicorn Clubtail Dromogomphus Selys, 1854 (Spinylegs)
Dromogomphus spoliatus (Hagen in Selys, 1858: 409 as Gomphus) - Flag-tailed Spinyleg - (Craves & O'Brien 2002) Erpetogomphus Selys, 1858 (Ringtails)
Gomphurus Needham, 1901 (common name TBD)
Gomphurus externus (Hagen in Selys, 1858: 411 as Gomphus) - Plains Clubtail - IN, OH (expect in s. LP)
Gomphurus vastus (Walsh, 1862: 391 as Gomphus) - Cobra Clubtail Gomphurus ventricosus (Walsh, 1863: 293 as Gomphus)- Skillet Clubtail Hagenius Selys, 1854 (Dragonhunter)
Hylogomphus Needham, Westfall and May 2000 (common name TBD)
Ophiogomphus Selys, 1854 (Snaketails)
Ophiogomphus carolus Needham, 1897: 183 - Riffle Snaketail Ophiogomphus colubrinus Selys, 1854: 40 - Boreal Snaketail Ophiogomphus howei Bromley, 1924: 343 - Pygmy Snaketail Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis (Walsh, 1862: 388 as Herpetogomphus) - Rusty Snaketail
Phanogomphus Carle 1986 (common name TBD)
Phanogomphus lividus (Selys, 1854: 53 as Gomphus) - Ashy Clubtail
Progomphus Selys, 1854 (Sanddragons)
Stylogomphus Fraser, 1897 (Least Clubtails)
Stylurus Needham, 1897 (Handing Clubtails)
Stylurus notatus (Rambur, 1842: 162 as Gomphus) - Elusive Clubtail
Stylurus spiniceps (Walsh, 1862: 389 as Macrogomphus) - Arrow Clubtail
Libellulidae Rambur, 1842 (Skimmers) Celithemis Hagen, 1861 (Small Pennants)
Celithemis eponina (Drury, 1773: 86 as Libellula) - Halloween Pennant
Erythemis Hagen, 1861 (Pondhawks)
Erythrodiplax Brauer, 1868 (Dragonlets)
(syn.) Libellula flavicans Rambur, 1842: 87 (syn.) Libellula fuscofasciata Blanchard, 1846 (syn.) Trithemis montezuma Calvert, 1899: 397 (syn.) Libellula ruralis Burmeister, 1839: 855 (syn.) Libellula subfasciata Burmeister, 1839: 855 (syn.) Libellula tripartita Burmeister, 1839: 855 (syn.) Libellula unifasciata DeGeer, 1773: 557
Leucorrhinia Brittinger, 1850 (Whitefaces)
Leucorrhinia glacialis Hagen, 1890: 234 - Crimson-ringed Whiteface Leucorrhinia hudsonica (Selys, 1850: 53 as Libillula) - Hudsonian Whiteface
Leucorrhinia proxima Calvert, 1890: 38 - Belted Whiteface Libellula Linnaeus, 1758 (King skimmers)
Libellula luctuosa Burmeister, 1839: 861 - Widow Skimmer
Nannothemis Brauer, 1868 (Elfin Skimmer)
Pachydiplax Brauer, 1868 (Blue Dasher)
Pantala Hagen, 1861 (Rainpool Gliders)
Perithemis Hagen, 1861 (Amberwings)
Plathemis Hagen, 1861 (Whitetails)
Sympetrum Newman, 1833 (Meadowhawks)
Sympetrum costiferum (Hagen, 1861: 174 as Diplax) - Saffron-winged Meadowhawk
Sympetrum obtrusum (Hagen, 1867: 95 as Diplax) - White-faced Meadowhawk
Sympetrum vicinum (Hagen, 1861: 175 as Diplax) - Autumn Meadowhawk Tramea Hagen, 1861 (Saddlebags)
Tramea carolina (Linnaeus, 1763: 411 as Libellula) - Carolina Saddlebags Tramea lacerata Hagen, 1861: 145 - Black Saddlebags Tramea onusta Hagen, 1861: 144 - Red Saddlebags Didymops Rambur, 1842 (Brown Crusiers)
Macromia Rambur, 1842 (River Crusiers)
Macromia illinoiensis Walsh, 1862: 397 - Swift River Cruiser
Calopteryx maculata (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805: 85 as Agrion) - Ebony Jewelwing
Hetaerina Hagen, in Selys 1853 (Rubyspots)
Coenagrionidae, Kirby, 1890 (Pond Damselflies)
Argia Rambur, 1842 (Dancers)
Argia fumipennis violacae (Hagen, 1861: 90 as Agrion) - Variable Dancer Argia moesta (Hagen, 1861: 94 as Agrion) - Powdered Dancer Argia sedula (Hagen, 1861: 94 as Agrion) - Blue-ringed Dancer Argia tibialis (Rambur, 1842: 241 as Platycnemis) - Blue-tipped Dancer
(syn.) Agrion binotata Walsh, 1862: 387 Chromagrion Needham, 1903 (Aurora Damsel)
Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Eurasian Bluets)
Coenagrion resolutum (Hagen, in Selys 1876: 1263 as Agrion) - Taiga Bluet
Enallagma Selys, 1875 (Bluets)
Enallagma basidens Calvert, 1902: 114 - Double-striped Bluet Enallagma boreale Selys, 1875: 242 - Boreal Bluet
Enallagma civile (Hagen, 1861: 88 as Agrion) - Familiar Bluet
(syn.) Enallagma civile plebium Selys, 1876: 98
Enallagma ebrium (Hagen, 1861: 87 as Agrion) - Marsh Bluet Enallagma exsulans (Hagen, 1861: 82 as Agrion) - Stream Bluet Enallagma geminatum Kellicott, 1895: 239 - Skimming Bluet
Enallagma signatum (Hagen, 1861: 84 as Agrion) - Orange Bluet
Enallagma vernale Gloyd, 1943: 1 - Vernal Bluet Enallagma vesperum Calvert, 1919: 380 - Vesper Bluet
Ischnura Charpentier, 1840 (Forktails)
Ischnura posita (Hagen, 1861: 77 as Agrion) - Fragile Forktail Ischnura verticalis (Say, 1839: 37 as Agrion) - Eastern Forktail Nehalennia Selys, 1850 (Sprites)
Nehalennia irene (Hagen, 1861: 74 as Agrion) - Sedge Sprite
Lestidae, Calvert 1901 (Spreadwings) Archilestes Selys, 1862 (Stream Spreadwings)
Lestes Leach, 1815 (Pond Spreadwings)
Lestes disjunctus disjunctus Selys, 1862: 302 - Northern Spreadwing Lestes disjunctus australis Walker, 1952: 59 - Southern Spreadwing Lestes dryas Kirby, 1890: 160 - Emerald Spreadwing
Lestes forcipatus Rambur, 1842: 246 - Sweetflag Spreadwing
Lestes rectangularis Say, 1839: 34 - Slender Spreadwing Lestes unguiculatus Hagen, 1861: 70 - Lyre-tipped Spreadwing Lestes vigilax Hagen, in Selys 1862: 306 - Swamp Spreadwing References - Distribution
Craves JA, O'Brien DS. 2002. Dromogomphus spoliatus (Odonata: Gomphidae): new for Michigan. The Great Lakes Entomologist 35(2):115-116. Craves JA, O'Brien D. 2011. Tramea calverti (Odonata: Libellulidae): New for Michigan with notes on other new reports for the Great Lakes Region. The Great Lakes Entomologist 44(1-2):78-82. Craves JA, O'Brien DS. 2015. Macromia alleghaniensis (Odonata: Macromiidae): new for Michigan, with clarifications of northern records. The Great Lakes Entomologist 48(3-4):186-191. Craves JA, O'Brien DS. 2021. An old new species for Michigan: Argia translata. Urban Dragon Hunters website, https://urbanodes.blogspot.com/2021/11/an-old-new-species-for-michigan-argia.html, accessed March 09, 2024. Craves JA, O'Brien DS, Hernandez J. 2023. Plains Emerald (Somatochlora ensigera): New for Michigan. Argia 35(3) October 2023. Hill C. 2011. Dromogomphus spoliatus (Odonata: Gomphidae): new for Michigan. Argia 23(3):21-22. Kormondy EJ. 1958. Catalogue of the Odonata of Michigan. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 104. 43 p. Needham JG, Westfall MJ, May ML. 2014. Dragonflies of North America, Third Edition. Scientific Publishers: Gainesville, Florida. xvi + 657 pp. O'Brien MF. 2010. Arigomphus submedianus (Odonata: Gomphidae) to be removed from the Michigan list of Odonata. Argia 22(3): 16-17. Pilgrim EM, von Dohlen CD. 2007. Molecular and morphological study of species-level questions within the dragonfly genus Sympetrum (Odonata: Libellulidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 100:688-702. Stoks R, Nystrom JL, May ML, McPeek MA. 2005. Parallel evolution in ecological and reproductive traits to produce cryptic damselfly species across the Holarctic. Evolution 59:1976-1988. Turgeon J, Stoks R, Thum RA, Brown M, McPeek MA. 2005. Simultaneous Quaternary radiations of three damselfly clades across the Holarctic. American Naturalist 165:78-107. Walker EM, Corbet JS. 1975. The Odonata of Canada and Alaska, Volume. 3. University of Toronto Press: Toronto, Ontario. xvi + 308 p. Ware JL, Pilgrim E, May ML, Donnelly TW, Tennessen K. 2016. Phylogenetic relationships of North American Gomphidae and their close relatives. Systematic Entomology 41(4):1-12. Westfall MJ, May ML. 2006. Damselflies of North America. Revised Edition. Scientific Publishers: Gainesville, Florida. xii + 502 p. References - Taxonomy
Beauvois P. de. 1805. Insectes recuilles en Afrique et en Amerique dans les royaumes d'Oware, a Saint-Dominique et dans les Étais-Unis pendants les années 1781-1797. Levrault:Paris. 167 pp. Blanchard CE. 1846. Insects. In A. D. D'Orbigny and M. A. d'Orbigny (eds.), Dictionaire Universel d'Histoire Naturelle. Vol. 6. Bertard, Paris. 222 pp. Brauer FM. 1868. Verzeichnis der bis jetzt bekannten Neuropteren im Sinne Linne's. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 18: 359-416, 711-742. Brittinger CC. 1850. Die Libelluliden des Kaiserreichs Österreich. S. B. Acad. Wiss. Wien 4, Mathem.-nat. Klasse: 328-336. Bromley SW. 1924. A new Ophiogomphus (Aeschnidae: Odonata) from Massachusetts. Entomology News 35(10): 343-344. Burmeister H. 1839. Handbuch der Entomologie. Vol 2. Enslin: Berlin, pp. 397-1050. Calvert PP. 1890. Notes on some North American Odonata, with descriptions of three new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 17: 33-40. 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Libellulinae europaeae descriptae e depictae. Lipsiae, Leopold Voss. 180 pp. Davis WT. 1913. Williamsonia, a new genus of dragonflies from North America. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 8:93-96. DeGeer CF. 1773. Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire des insectes, Vol. 3. Grefing, Stockholm. 696 pp. Drury D. 1773. Illustrations of natural history. Vol. 2. White: London. 90 pp. Fabricius JC. 1775. Systema entomologiae. Libraria Kortii: Flensburg & Leipzig. 424 pp. Fabricius JC. 1798. Supplementum entomolgiae Systematicae. Hafniae, Proft.(Schubothe), pp. 283-285. Fabricius JC. 1793. Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tom. II. - pp. I-VIII [= 1-8], 1-519, [1]. Hafniae. (Proft). Fabricius JC. 1798. Supplementum entomologiae systematicae, pp. 283-285. Proft. (Schubothe), Hafniae. Fraser FC. 1922. New and rare Indian Odonata in the Pusa Collection. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India, Entomological Series 7(7): 39-77. Hagen HA. 1861. Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America, with a list of the South American species. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 4:1-347. Hagen HA. 1867. Revision der von Herrn Uhler beschriebenen Odonaten. Stettiner entomologische Zeitung 28: 87-95. Hagen HA. 1877. Synopsis of the Odonata of America. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 18:86. Hagen HA. 1890. A synopsis of the odonate genus Leucorrhinia Britt. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 17: 229-236. Harvey FL. 1898. A contribution to the Odonata of Maine, II. Entomological News 3:269-277. Hine JS. 1901. A new species of Gomphus and its near relatives. Ohio Naturalist 1(4):60-61. Kellicot DS. 1895. Catalogue of the Odonata of Ohio, Part 1. Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History 17: 195-216. Kirby WF. 1889. A revision of the subfamily Libellulinae with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 12: 249-348. Kirby WF. 1890. A synonymic catalog of Neuroptera Odonata or dragonflies. Guerney and Jackson, London. 202 pp. Leach WE. 1815. Entomology, pp. 52-172. In Brewster's Edinburgh encyclopaedia. Vol. 9. Edinburgh. Linne C. 1758. Systema naturae. Editio decima reformata. Holmiae. 543 pp. Linne C. 1763. Amoenitates academicae seu dissert, variae, etc. Vol. sextum. Homiae 1763. CXXI. Centuria Insectorum, etc. 32 pp. Johansson, Upsaliae. Needham JG. 1901. Aquatic insects in the Adirondacks. Bulletin of the New York State Museum 47:381-612, 30 pl. Needham JG. 1903. Aquatic insects of New York State. Part 3. Life histories of Odonata, suborder Zygoptera. New York State Museum Bulletin 68:218-279. Martin R. 1907. Cordulines. Collections zoologiques du Baron Edm.de Selys Longchamps, Catolgue systématique et descriptif. Coll. 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Bulletin de l'Académie royale des Sciences de Belgique (2)45:183-222. Selys-Longchamps ME. de. 1883. Synopsis des Aeschnines. Première partie: Classification. Bulletin de l'Académie royale des Sciences de Belgique 3(5): 712-748. Selys-Longchamps ME. de. 1900. [Description of Nasiaeschna]. In Odonaten aus Neu-Guinea. F. Förster. Termes, Füzetek 23:81-108. Sulzer JH. 1776. Abgekürtze Geschichte der Insekten nach dem Linaeischen System. 1. H. Steiner & Co.: Winterthur, Germany, 1:xxviii + 274 pp.; 2:[2] pp. + 32 pls. Tillyard RJ. 1917. The biology of dragonflies. Cambridge University Press, London, UK. 396 pp. Tough J. 1900. A new species of Gomphus. Occasional Memoirs of the Chicago Entomological Society 1:17-18. Uhler PR. 1857. Contributions to the Neuropterology of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1857: 87-88. Uhler PR., in Selys-Longshamps ME. de. 1859. Additions au Synopsis des Gomphines. Bulletin de l'Académie royale des Sciences de Belgique 530-552. Vogt TE, Smith WA. 1993. Ophiogomphus susbehcha spec. nov. from North Central United States (Anisoptera: Gomphidae). Odonatologica 21(2): 141-152. Walker EM. 1907. A new Somatochlora with a note on the species known from Ontario. The Canadian Entomologist 39: 69-74. Walker EM. 1908. A key to the North American species of Aeshna found north of Mexico. The Canadian Entomologist 40(11): 377-391, (12): 450-451, pl. 10. Walker EM. 1918. On the American representatives of Somatochlora arctica with description of two new species (Odonata). The Canadian Entomologist 53: 221-226. Walsh BD. 1862. List of the Pseudoneuroptera of Illinois contained in the cabinet of the writer, with descriptions of over forty new species, with notes on their structural affinities. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 14:361-402. Walsh BD. 1863. Observations on certain N. A. neuroptera by Hagen, M. D., of Konigsberg, Prussia; translated from the original French MS., and published by permission of the author, with notes and descriptions of about twenty new N. A. species of Pseudoneuroptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 2: 167-272. Williamson EB. 1898. A new species of Ischnura (Order Odonata). Entomological News 9(9): 209-211, pl. 9. Williamson EB. 1907. Two new North American Dragonflies (Odonata). Entomological News 18:1-7. Williamson EB. 1923. A new species of Williamsonia (Odonata, Corduliinae). The Canadian Entomologist 55:96-98. Williamson EB. 1931. A new North American Somatochlora (Odonata - Cordulinae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 225: 1-8, 1 pl. Williamson EB. 1932. Two new species of Stylurus (Odonata - Gomphinae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 247. 18 pp. + 1 pl. Page edits:
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