Aquatic Insects of Michigan by Ethan Bright, Museum of Zoology Insect Division and School of Natural Resources and Environment |
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CERATOPOGONIDAE Newman, 1834 (No-See-Ums, Biting midges) Ceratopogonids are small flies, less than 6 mm and often much smaller. The common name "no-see-ums" refers to the many species with small females being blood feeders on vertebrates, including humans, that often attack in many numbers and leave an irritating or painful bite. Some swarms of biting no-see-ums can be severe pests of humans and animals, and some species are associated as vectors of parasites and viruses. Immatures are mostly aquatic, with some associated with eutrophic conditions, and many are carnivorous, although omnivory or detritovory is also associated with other aquatic species and semi-terrestrial or terrestrial forms. Below is a preliminary list of species based on records in the UMMZ-Insect Division collection (identified by Wirth, Stone & Steyskal) as well as literature sources, principally those of Wirth, Borkent & Grogan. Currently, there are 85 species in 24 genera of ceratopogonids documented in Michigan, with at least another 81 species and 1 genus likely to occur based on their known regional distribution. Genera are denoted in green; species denoted in bold blue have been recorded in Michigan; species denoted in black bold are likely to occur in Michigan based on their known distribution with nearby state/provincial localities from which certified records have been published. Synonomous species (indented) are listed below the current valid species (denoted in bold) with its taxonomic status indicated. You can use the Find function in your web browser desired a taxon. Allohelea Kieffer, 1917: 364 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)
Allohelea johannseni (Wirth, 1953b: 153 as Monohelea) - Wirth 1991: 499 Alluaudomyia Kieffer, 1913: 12 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)
(syn.) Alluaudomyia splendida, authors, not Winnertz Alluaudomyia megaparamera Williams, 1957: 327 - Williams 1957: 327; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 18 Alluaudomyia needhami Thomsen, 1935: 287 - widespread, WI (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 18) Alluaudomyia parva Wirth, 1952a: 431 - Williams 1956; see also Grogan & Bystrak 1976
Atrichopogon Kieffer, 1906: 53 (Subfamily Forcipomyiinae)
Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) epicautae Wirth, 1956: 21 - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 6) Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) falcatus Boesel, 1973: 214- Boesel 1973: 214-215 (holotype from Emmet Co.) Atrichopogon (Lophomyidium) fusculus Coquillett, 1901: 205 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Boesel 1973: 209; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 6; Malloch 1915: 304-306) Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) fusinervis (Malloch, 1915: 308 as Ceratopogon) - Boesel 1973: 211; see also Malloch 1915: 308 Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) geminus Boesel, 1973: 211 - OH, ON (Boesel 1973: 211-213) Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) levis (Coquillett, 1901: 604 as Ceratopogon) - UMMZ; Malloch 1915: 307-308
Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) minutus (Meigen, 1830: 263 as Ceratopogon) - OH (Boesel 1973: 206-207), widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 5) Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) peregrinus (Johannsen, 1908: 266 as Ceratopogon) - UMMZ; Malloch 1915: 308-309; see also Boesel 1973: 210-211 Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) titanus Boesel, 1973: 213 - OH (Boesel 1973: 213-214), expect in se LP Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) websteri (Coquillett, 1901: 603 as Ceratopogon) - IL, OH, ON, widespread (Boesel 1973: 207-208; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 5) Bezzia Kieffer, 1899: 69 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Palpomyiini)
Bezzia (Bezzia) apicata Malloch, 1914b: 284 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 18 Bezzia (Homobezzia) bicolor (Meigen, 1804: 31 as Ceratopogon)
(comb.) Bezzia (Aspinabezzia) bivittata (Coquillett, 1905), Dow & Turner 1976: 126
Bezzia (Bezzia) expolita (Coquillett, 1901: 601 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 26)
Bezzia (Bezzia) gibberella Wirth & Grogan, 1983: 508 - Wirth & Grogan 1983: 508-510 Bezzia (Homobezzia) glabra (Coquillett, 1902a: 85 as Ceratopogon) - UMMZ Bezzia (Bezzia) nobilis (Winnertz, 1852: 79 as Ceratopogon) - Widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 26)
(syn.) Ceratopogon barberi Coquillett, 1901: 601 (syn.) Ceratopogon setulosa Loew, 1861: 312 Bezzia (Bezzia) uncistyla Dow & Turner, 1976: 80 - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 26) Bezzia (Homobezzia) varicolor (Coquillett, 1902b: 84) - ON, WI, widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 27) Brachypogon Kieffer, 1899: 69 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)
Ceratopogon multisetosus Borkent & Grogan, 1995: 76 - NB, BC, widespread northern (Borkent & Grogan 1995: 76) Ceratopogon pandus Borkent & Grogan, 1995: 53 - WI (Borkent & Grogan 1995: 46) Ceratopogon Meigen, 1803: 261 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)
Ceratopogon multisetosus Borkent & Grogan, 1995: 76 - NB, BC, widespread northern (Borkent & Grogan 1995: 76) Ceratopogon pandus Borkent & Grogan, 1995: 53 - WI (Borkent & Grogan 1995: 46) Clinohelea Kieffer, 1917: 295 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Heteromyiini)
(comb.) Johannsenomyia bimaculata (Loew, 1861), Malloch 1915: 332
(comb.) Clinohelea curriei (Coquillett, 1905); Johannsen 1943: 783 (syn.) Palpomyia nebulosa Malloch, 1915: 322, Grogan & Wirth 1975: 278 (syn. comb.) Clinohelea nebulosa (Malloch, 1915), Johannsen 1943: 783 Culicoides Latreille, 1809: 251 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Culicoidini)
Culicoides (Diphaomyia) baueri Hoffman, 1925: 297- WI west and east Culicoides (Diphaomyia) bergi Cochrane, 1973: 311 - WI, WY-NY, south (Cochrane, 1973: 311; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 13) Culicoides (unplaced) bickleyi Wirth & Hubert, 1962: 188 - WI east and south Culicoides (Silvaticulicoides) biguttatus (Coquillett, 1901: 604) Ceratopogon (orig.) - UMMZ Culicoides (Avaritia) chiopterus (Meigen, 1830: 263 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 12) Culicoides (Beltranmyia) crepuscularis Malloch, 1915: 303 - IL west and east (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 13) Culicoides (unplaced) denticulatus Wirth & Hubert, 1962: 193 - MN, ON, WI, widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 16)
Culicoides (Amossovia) flukei Jones, 1956: 30 - ON, WI, east (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 12) Culicoides (Oecacta) furensoides Williams, 1955: 271 - Williams, 1955: 271; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 15
Culicoides (Diphaomyia) haematopotus Malloch, 1915: 302 - IL west and east (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 13) Culicoides (unplaced) jamnbacki Wirth & Hubert, 1962: 192 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 17 Culicoides (unplaced) nanus Root & Hoffman, 1937: 165 - ON, WI; see also Borkent & Grogan 2009: 17 Culicoides (Avaritia) obsoletus (Meigen, 1818: 76 as Ceratopogon)) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 12) Culicoides (Haematomyidium) paraensis (Goeldi, 1905: 137 as Haematomyidium) - WI, CO-PA (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 14) Culicoides (Culicoides) paraimpunctatus Borkent, 1995: 60 - MN, WI, widespread north (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 13)
Culicoides (Avaritia) sanguisuga (Coquillett, 1901: 604 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 12)
Culicoides (Beltranmyia) sphagnumensis Williams, 1955: 269 - Williams, 1955: 269; see also Cooper 1991: 11 (Paratypes) Culicoides (Silvaticulicoides) spinosus Root & Hoffman, 1937: 172 - ON, WI (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 15) Culicoides (Oecacta) stellifer (Coquillett, 1901: 604 as Ceratopogon) - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 15 Culicoides (Wirthomyia) stilobezzioides Foote & Pratt, 1954: 33 - AK-NF, MN, south (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 16) Culicoides (unplaced) travisi Vargas, 1949: 233 - ON, WI, widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 17)
(syn.) Culicoides horneae Foote & Pratt, 1954: 25 [Note: this species has been implicated in transmitting epizootic hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Culicoides (Amossovia) villosipennis Root & Hoffman, 1937: 165 - WI southwest and east (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 12) Culicoides (Beltranmyia) wisconsinensis Jones, 1956: 32 - see also Borkent & Grogan 2009: 13 Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911a: 5 (Subfamily Dasyheleinae)
(syn. comb..) Dasyhelea major (Malloch, 1915), Thomsen, 1935: 23
(comb.) Pseudoculicoides cinctus (Coquillett, 1901), Malloch 1915: 311
(comb.) Dasyhelea grisea (Coquillett, 1901), Thomsen 1935: 283, Thomsen 1937: 37; Wirth 1952: 155 (syn.) Dasyhelea subcaerulea Thomsen, 1935: 284 Dasyhelea mutabilis (Coquillett, 1901: 602 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Malloch 1915: 310; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 11)
Dasyhelea stemlerae Waugh & Wirth, 1976: 233 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 11 Dasyhelea traverae Thomsen, 1935: 285 as Dasyhelea) Echinohelea Macfie, 1940: 187 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)
Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818: 73, 75 (Subfamily Forcipomyiinae)
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1767: 978 as Tipula) - widespread, Holarctic (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 7) Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) brevipennis (Macquart, 1826: 179 as Ceratopogon) - BC-QB, s. to LA (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 7)
(syn. comb.) Forcipomyia specularis (Coquillett, 1901: 601) Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) cilipes (Coquillett, 1900: 397 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 7) Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) concolor Malloch, 1915: 319 - IL (Malloch 1915: 319) Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) crinita Saunders, 1964: 474 - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 10) Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) elegantula Malloch, 1915: 311 - IL, widespread (Grogan & Wirth 1975b: 95-101; see also Wirth & Grogan 1978) Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) eques (Johannsen, 1908: 266 as Ceratopogon) Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) fairfaxensis Wirth, 1951b: 317 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 8 Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) frutetorum (Winnertz, 1852: 29 as Ceratopogon) - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 9-10
(syn.) Ceratopogon coquilletti Kieffer, 1917: 297 (syn.) Focipomyia brookmani Wirth, 1952b: 140
Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) mcateei Wirth, 1956: 359
(syn. comb.) Forcipomyia (Euforcipomyia) hirtipennis (Malloch, 1915) Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) squamipes (Coquillett, 1902a: 88 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 7)
Heteromyia Say, 1825: pl. 35 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Heteromyiini)
Jenkinshelea Macfie, 1934: 177 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Spaheromiini)
Johannsenomyia Malloch, 1915: 332 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Sphaeromiini)
(comb.) Spaeromias argentata (Loew, 1861), Kieffer 1917: 315 (syn.) Ceratopogon halteralis Malloch, 1915: 338 (in part) Leptoconops Skuse, 1889: 288 (Subfamily Leptoconopinae)
Mallochohelea Wirth, 1962: 278 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Sphaeromiini)
Mallochohelea albihalter Wirth, 1962: 280 - Wirth 1962: 280 Mallochohelea atripes Wirth, 1962: 281 - Wirth 1962: 281 Mallochohelea flavidula (Malloch, 1914c: 230 as Johannsenomyia) - IL, WI (Wirth 1962: 281-282; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 24) Mallochohelea smithi (Lewis, 1956: 47 as Johannsenomyia) - Wirth 1962: 282 Mallochohelea variegata Wirth, 1962: 283 - Wirth 1962: 283 Monohelea Kieffer, 1917: 294 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)
Monohelea jamnbacki Wirth & Williams, 1964: 308 - Wirth & Williams, 1964: 308 Monohelea macflei Wirth, 1953b: 143 Monohelea magnitheca Wirth & Grogan, 1981: 42 - ON, WI, widespread north (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 20) Monohelea obscura Wirth & Williams, 1964: 304 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 20 Nilobezzia Kieffer, 1921: 24 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Spaheromiini)
Nilobezzia minor (Wirth, 1952b: 216 as Spaheromias) - Wirth 1962: 285; see also Borkent & Grogan 2009: 24 Palpomyia Meigen, 1818: 82 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Palpomyiini)
Palpomyia basalis (Walker, 1848: 27 as Ceratopogon) - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 27-29; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 90-95
(syn.) Palpomyia trivialis (Loew, 1861), Malloch 1914: 217 (syn.) Heteromyia trivialis (Loew, 1861), Malloch 1915: 320 (syn.) Heteromyia tenuicornis Malloch, 1915: 328 (syn. comb.) Palpomyia tenuicornis (Malloch, 1915: 328) Palpomyia downesi Grogan & Wirth, 1979: 112 - AK-MA, widespread north (Grogan & Wirth 1979: 112-115) Palpomyia flaviceps (Johannsen, 1908: 268 as Johannseniella) - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 30-31; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 106-109
(syn. comb.) Palpomyia opacithorax (Malloch, 1915), Johannsen 1943: 784 (syn.) Heteromyia hirta Malloch, 1915: 330 (syn. comb.) Palpomyia hirta (Malloch, 1915), Johannsen 1943: 784 Palpomyia jonesi Grogan & Wirth, 1975c: 17 - Grogan & Wirth, 1975c: 17-18; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 45-48 Palpomyia lineata (Meigen, 1804: 30 as Ceratopogon) - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 15-17; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 39-45
(syn.) Ceratopogon cinerea Macquart, 1826: 177 (syn.) Ceratopogon binotata Staeger, 1839: 596 (syn.) Palpomyia slossonae (Coquillett, 1905), of authors (syn.) Palpomyia illlinoisensis Malloch, 1914b: 219 (syn.) Palpomyia pruinescens Thomsen, 1935: 290 (syn.) Palpomyia algarum Kieffer, in Kieffer & Thienemann, 1908: 1 (syn.) Palpomyia winnertzi Kieffer, 1914a: 238 (syn.) Palpomyia octasema Kieffer, 1914a: 239 (syn.) Palpomyia spinosissima Kieffer, 1915: 285 (syn.) Palpomyia unifasciata Kieffer, 1922: 72 (syn.) Palpomyia murina Kieffer, 1925a: 426 (syn.) Palpomyia obesa Goetghebuer, 1927: 94 (syn.) Palpomyia lineata var nigrotibialis Goetghebuer, 1933: 370 (syn.) Palpomyia edwardsi de Meijere, 1946: 10 (preoccupied by Palpomyia edwardsi Cockerell, 1921 (syn.) Palpomyia stagnalis Clastrier, 1962: 274 Palpomyia plebeiella Grogan & Wirth, 1975c: 20 - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 20-22; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 60-62 Palpomyia plebeja (Loew, 1861: 313 as Ceratopogon) - Grogan & Wirth 1979: 56-60
Palpomyia rufa (Loew, 1861: 314 as Ceratopogon) - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 25-26; Grogan & Wirth 1979
(misid.) Palpomyia rubiginosa Grogan & Wirth, 1975: 22 (male allotype) Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett, 1901: 606) - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 10-12; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 23-26
Parabezzia Malloch, 1915: 358 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)
Parabezzia williamsi Wirth, 1965b: 229 - Grogan & Wirth 1977: 64-65; Wirth, 1965: 229, holotype from Douglas Lake, Cheboygan Co. Phaenobezzia Haeselbarth, 1965: 297 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Palpomyiini)
(syn.) Bezzia opaca (Loew, 1861), in Wirth 1952: 227
(comb.) Bezzia (Probezzia) opaca (Loew, 1861), Kieffer 1917: 329 (comb.) Probezzia opaca (Loew, 1861), Malloch 1914: 139 (comb.) Phaenobezzia opaca (Loew, 1861), Haeselbarth 1965: 302 (syn.) Probezzia incerta Malloch, 1915: 358; Johannsen 1943: 785 (syn. comb.) Bezzia incerta (Malloch, 1915), Johannsen, 1952: 167 Probezzia Kieffer, 1906: 57 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Palpomyiini)
Probezzia atriventris Wirth, 1951a - Wirth 1951b: 31 Probezzia concinna (Meigen, 1818: 77 as Ceratopogon) - QB, ON west Probezzia infuscata Malloch, 1915: 316 - IL, MN, ON (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 25) Probezzia jambacki Wirth, 1971: 735 - Wirth, 1971: 735 Probezzia pallida Malloch, 1914a: 138 - IL, ON, WI (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 25) Probezzia sabroskyi Wirth, 1951a: 31 - Wirth, 1951a: 31 Probezzia smithii (Coquillett, 1901: 600) - WI east and south (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 25) Probezzia williamsi Wirth 1971: 737 - Wirth 1971: 737 Probezzia xanthogaster (Kieffer, 1917: 329 as Bezzia) - IL, ON, WI (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 25)
Schizohelea Kieffer, 1917: 295 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)
Serromyia Meigen, 1818: 83 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)
Serromyia crassifemorata Malloch, 1914c: 218 - Borkent & Bissett 1990: 180,187 Serromyia ledicola Kieffer 1925b: 156 - ON, AK-VA widespread (Borkent & Bissett 1990: 181,192-194) Serromyia nudicolis Borkent, in Borkent & Bissett 1990: 188 - Borkent & Bissett 1990: 180, 188-190 Serromyia vockerothi Borkent, in Borkent & Bissett 1990: 191 - MN, widespread north (Borkent & Bissett 1990: 180,191-192) Sphaeromias Curtis, 1829: plate 285 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Sphaeromiini)
(comb.) Palpomyia longipennis (Loew, 1861), of authors (comb.) Homohelea longipennis (Loew, 1861), Kieffer 1917: 364 (comb.) Sphaeromias longipennis (Loew, 1861), Johannsen 1943: 784, Wirth 1952: 214 Stilobezzia Kieffer, 1911b: 118 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)
Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) bulla Thomsen, 1935: 289 - BC-NB, south (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 22) Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) coquilletti Kieffer, 1917: 308 - IL, may occur in s LP (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 22)
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